Quantum Physics and Electronic Sensors

Course objectives
1. To understand the foundational concepts and principles of quantum mechanics. 2. To understand the quantum mechanical principles governing the electronic properties of solids. 3. To develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental laws governing electric and magnetic fields and their roles in electronic equipmen t. 4. To understand the dielectric and magnetic materials and their roles in various technological devices and systems. 5. To comprehend the principles and applications of photonics.

Course content
Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics Inadequacy of classical mechanics, de-Broglie concept of matter waves, Davisson and Germer experiment, wave packet, phase velocity, group velocity, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle and its applications, time-dependent and time-independent Schrodinger wave equations, particle confined in one dimensional box, wave function and its physical interpretation. Quantum Theory of Solids Free electron theory, Fermi-Dirac distribution, energy bands in solids, band gap, conductors, semiconductors and insulators, effective mass, density of states, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, conductivity of semiconductors, Fermi level. Electromagnetic Field Theory Basic laws of electricity and magnetism, continuity equation for current density, displacement current, Maxwell equations in integral and differential form, Maxwell equations in vacuum and in conducting medium, Poynting vector and Poynting theorem, plane electromagnetic waves in vacuum and in conducting medium, skin depth. Dielectric and Magnetic Materials Dielectric materials: Dielectrics, dielectric constant, electric displacement and polarization vectors, electric susceptibility, polarization mechanism, application of dielectric materials. Magnetic Materials : Magnetic susceptibility, dia-, para-, ferro-, materials, hysteresis loss, coercivity, remanence, importance of hysteresis curve, applications of magnetic materials. Photonics Fiber optic s: Fundamental idea about optical fiber, acceptance angle, acceptance cone, numerical aperture, principle of light propagation in optical fiber, attenuation and attenuation coefficient in fiber. Laser: Interaction of radiation with matter (absorption, spontaneous and stimulated emission), principle of laser operation, Einstein’s coefficient, Ruby laser, He-Ne laser, laser applications.