L 3 C 3
Teachers Continuous Evaluation: 40 marks. Term-End Semester Examination: 60 marks.
Course outcomes
- Explain the principles of simple harmonic motion, wave propagation, and oscillatory systems, and analyze their engineering applications.
- Apply the principles of geometrical optics to analyze reflection, refraction, optical instruments, and image formation.
- Analyze interference and diffraction phenomena and evaluate the resolving power of optical systems using wave optics.
- Explain the principles of laser operation, distinguish between different laser systems, and evaluate their applications in science, engineering, and medicine.
Unit I
Review of harmonic oscillations, Mechanical and electrical oscillators, Complex representation of harmonic motion and phasors, Damped and forced oscillations, Resonance, Quality factor, Mechanical and electrical impedance. Wave motion, Transverse and longitudinal waves, Wave equation, Harmonic waves, Superposition principle, Reflection and transmission of waves at boundaries, Standing waves, Normal modes and eigenfrequencies, Acoustic waves, Speed of sound, Applications of standing waves. Dispersion of waves, Phase velocity and group velocity, Wave packets, Introduction to Fourier representation of waves.
Unit II
Nature and propagation of light, Ray optics, Fermat's principle, Laws of reflection and refraction, Electromagnetic nature of light (qualitative introduction), Fresnel equations, Reflectance and transmittance, Brewster's angle, Total internal reflection, Evanescent waves and applications. Mirrors and lenses, Image formation, Lens formula, Optical instruments, Magnifying power, Resolution, Introduction to optical matrix methods.