Unit IV — Complete Examination Notes (2026 Scheme)
The long-form Unit IV notes for Basics of Electrical Engineering (ICT-103T in semester 1, ICT-106T in semester 2), 34 pages written against the GGSIPU 2026-30 first-year syllabus. Magnetic circuits and the electric analogy, reluctance, leakage and fringing, the B-H curve and core losses; Faraday's and Lenz's laws, statically and dynamically induced EMF; self and mutual inductance and coupled coils in series and parallel; the ideal transformer, its EMF equation and transformation ratio, and how a real one departs from it — equivalent circuit, efficiency, voltage regulation and the OC and SC tests; electromechanical energy conversion; DC machines from construction to armature reaction, with the characteristics of every generator and motor type, speed control and starters; and three-phase induction motors — rotating field, synchronous speed, slip, the torque equation and torque-slip curve, starting and speed control. Closes on the part of the syllabus the shorter set does not reach: protection devices and the faults they answer, fuses, MCB, MCCB and ELCB, electrical safety and earthing, the power system from generation to the digital-infrastructure load, and energy auditing. A formula summary sheet and a question bank at the end.