Syllabus — Engineering Physics-II (ICT-114T)
Official GGSIPU syllabus for the B.Tech 2026-30 batch (first year, under USICT), applicable from the academic session 2026-27.
L 3 C 3
Teachers Continuous Evaluation: 40 marks. Term-End Semester Examination: 60 marks.
Course outcomes
- Explain the principles of simple harmonic motion, wave propagation, and oscillatory systems, and analyze their engineering applications.
- Apply the principles of geometrical optics to analyze reflection, refraction, optical instruments, and image formation.
- Analyze interference and diffraction phenomena and evaluate the resolving power of optical systems using wave optics.
- Explain the principles of laser operation, distinguish between different laser systems, and evaluate their applications in science, engineering, and medicine.
Unit I
Review of harmonic oscillations, Mechanical and electrical oscillators, Complex representation of harmonic motion and phasors, Damped and forced oscillations, Resonance, Quality factor, Mechanical and electrical impedance. Wave motion, Transverse and longitudinal waves, Wave equation, Harmonic waves, Superposition principle, Reflection and transmission of waves at boundaries, Standing waves, Normal modes and eigenfrequencies, Acoustic waves, Speed of sound, Applications of standing waves. Dispersion of waves, Phase velocity and group velocity, Wave packets, Introduction to Fourier representation of waves.
Unit II
Nature and propagation of light, Ray optics, Fermat's principle, Laws of reflection and refraction, Electromagnetic nature of light (qualitative introduction), Fresnel equations, Reflectance and transmittance, Brewster's angle, Total internal reflection, Evanescent waves and applications. Mirrors and lenses, Image formation, Lens formula, Optical instruments, Magnifying power, Resolution, Introduction to optical matrix methods.
Unit III
Huygens' principle, Wavefronts, Interference of light, Coherence and conditions for interference, Young's double-slit experiment, Interference by division of amplitude, Thin film interference, Newton's rings. Interferometers: Michelson interferometer and Mach–Zehnder interferometer, Applications of interferometry. Diffraction of light, Fraunhofer diffraction, Single slit diffraction, Diffraction due to circular apertures, Rayleigh criterion, Resolving power, Diffraction gratings and applications. Diffraction of light, Fraunhofer diffraction, Single slit diffraction, Diffraction due to circular apertures, Rayleigh criterion, Resolving power, Diffraction gratings and applications.
Unit IV
Interaction of radiation with matter, Absorption, Spontaneous emission and stimulated emission, Einstein's A and B coefficients, Population inversion, Laser action and optical amplification. Characteristics of laser radiation: Monochromaticity, Coherence, Directionality, Brightness and speckle formation. Types of lasers: Gas lasers (He–Ne and CO₂), Solid-state lasers (Ruby and Nd:YAG), Semiconductor lasers (introductory concepts), Dye lasers. Applications of lasers in engineering, communication, manufacturing, medicine, and scientific instrumentation.
Textbooks
- A. Ghatak, Optics, 7th ed. New Delhi, India: McGraw Hill Education, 2020.
References
- E. Hecht, Optics, 5th ed. Boston, MA, USA: Pearson Education, 2017.
- R. A. Serway and J. W. Jewett, Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics, 10th ed. Boston, MA, USA: Cengage Learning, 2018.
- D. Halliday, R. Resnick, and J. Walker, Fundamentals of Physics, 12th ed. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley, 2021.
- F. L. Pedrotti, L. S. Pedrotti, and L. M. Pedrotti, Introduction to Optics, 3rd ed. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2017.
- O. Svelto, Principles of Lasers, 5th ed. New York, NY, USA: Springer, 2010.